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Edward C. Harwood (October 28, 1900 – December 16, 1980) was a 20th-century economist, philosopher of science, and investment advisor who is most known for founding the nonprofit American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) in 1933, which entity survives today in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.〔Harwood, Frederick, pp. xii–xii〕 AIER is a scientific research organization specialized in economics. It is one of the oldest nonprofit research organizations in the U.S.〔See the AIER website at (AIER.org ), retrieved February 11, 2011.〕 It is the parent of a for-profit subsidiary, American Investment Services, Inc.〔See the AIER website at (AIER.org ), retrieved February 11, 2011.〕 Harwood also established the Behavioral Research Council (BRC) in the early 1950s with two sociologists, George A. Lundberg and Stuart C. Dodd, both professors at the University of Washington.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 43〕 BRC was taken over by AIER in 1984,〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 43〕 but some of its work continues tangentially at another nonprofit entity Harwood created called the Progress Foundation (PF), now based in Zurich, Switzerland.〔See the AIER website at (AIER.org ), retrieved February 11, 2011.〕 More specifically, today PF concerns itself with "conducting and disseminating independent research that fosters greater understanding of the factors that contribute to human progress".〔See the AIER website at (AIER.org ), retrieved February 11, 2011.〕 == Personal life == Harwood was born near Boston, Massachusetts, on October 28, 1900.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. xiv〕 His family moved to Springfield, Mass. when he was a child. His undergraduate work took place at West Point, from which he graduated as a military engineer in 1920.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. xiv〕 Before and after two four-year stints on Army bases in North Carolina and the Territory of Hawaii, he spent several years at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) earning his three degrees, a B.S., a M.Eng., and an M.B.A.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. xiv〕 Thereafter in the early 1930s, he was appointed Assistant Professor of Military Science and Tactics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts. After four years there, he was sent to Boston where he oversaw the widening of the Cape Cod Canal for the War Department's Corps of Engineers. During this period he was also appointed Acting Corps Area Engineer for the Works Project Administration's Civilian Conservation Corps program.〔Harwood, Frederick, pp. 4–6〕 While living in the Cambridge area, Harwood associated with a number of businessmen and academics who were interested in his business cycle research. One of them was Vannevar Bush, at the time Vice President of MIT, who, along with others, encouraged him to found the scientific research nonprofit AIER.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 5〕 He did so in 1933 and began publishing a newsletter for the educated layperson. The newsletters described the ramifications of current economic events and the results of statistical research on the business cycle and various market sectors.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 5〕 AIER's first booklet publication was entitled, "What Will Devaluation Mean To You?".〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 5〕 Soon AIER registered with the SEC and began publishing investment advice and managing a few customer accounts. (Today, this work is carried on by a wholly owned subsidiary, American Investment Services, Inc.〔See the AIER website at (AIER.org ), retrieved February 16, 2011.〕) Harwood became a popular speaker on the problems with monetary inflating and began touring the country speaking to bankers associations and other professional groups. He retired from military service in 1938 and took up full-time economic and philosophical research at AIER, which by this time was housed in a building just off the Harvard campus in Cambridge.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 6〕 His research and writing activities were interrupted in 1941 when he reenlisted in the Army to serve two years in England and two more in the Pacific on the islands of Leyte and Luzon under General "Pat" Casey and General MacArthur.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 17〕 Harwood advanced to the rank of Colonel and earned the Legion of Merit and a Bronze Star Medal.〔Harwood, Frederick, p. 17〕 After his return, he devoted the rest of his life to his work in economics, investing, and scientific methodology. He resided for the most part in Great Barrington, Massachusetts,〔Harwood, Frederick, pp. 17–19〕 but also spent a lot of time in Bermuda, in Lugano, Switzerland, and in Montecito, California. He was married twice, first to Harriet Haynes〔Harwood, Frederick, p. xx〕 with whom he had three children (Marjorie, Edward, and Richard), and second to Helen Fowle〔Harwood, Frederick, p.7〕 with whom he had four children (William, Eve, Frederick, and Katherine). When he died on December 16, 1980, he had thirteen grandchildren and ten great-grandchildren. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward C. Harwood」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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